Gesprächsanalyse – ein Instrument für Aphasieforschung und -therapie

Zusammenfassung

Der mangelnde Transfer klinischer aphasiologischer Therapieerfolge in den Alltag der Betroffenen wird allgemein beklagt. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht von der Überlegung aus, dass diese Transferproblematik aus einer mangelnden Kenntnis der alltäglichen Anforderung an das „Aphasiemanagement” in Familie und Paarbeziehung resultiert. Wir argumentieren, dass gesprächsanalytische Untersuchungen zur Interaktion mit Aphasikern im häuslichen und klinischen Kontext in der Lage sind, eine „alltagstauglichere” Form der Aphasietherapie zu entwickeln. Dazu werden die Methoden und Ergebnisse der aphasiebezogenen Gesprächsanalyse zusammengefasst und bewertet. Wir gehen zunächst auf einige Ergebnisse der Analyse von aphasischen Gesprächen (also solche, an denen Aphasiker beteiligt sind) ein, diskutieren dann den Stellenwert gesprächsanalytischer Methoden für die aphasiologische Befunderhebung in der klinischen Praxis und befassen uns abschließend mit der Rolle der Gesprächsanalyse in der aphasiologischen Therapie(forschung).

Abstract

It is well known that the clinical therapy for aphasia leads to improvements. However, these are often not transferred by the aphasic to his or her everyday interactional routines at home. This deplorable lack of transferability, so we argue in this article, is due to the therapist's lack of knowledge of what is central for the everyday management of aphasia in the family and in couples after aphasia. We also argue that the methodological and theoretical framework of conversation analysis is a useful instrument for developing forms of aphasia therapy which are more transferable to mundane situations outside the clinic. In order to show this, we summarise and evaluate our own and other researchers' results on conversation analysis as applied to aphasic speech events. We first discuss some important features of aphasic conversations (i.e., those in which at least one aphasic is involved), we then show the relevance of conversation analysis for the assessment of aphasia in the clinical context and we finally argue for conversation analysis as a tool in aphasia therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Aphasietherapie - Gesprächsforschung - Partizipation - Aphasiemanagement im Alltag - Adaptation

Key words

aphasia therapy - conversation analysis - participation - management of aphasia in everyday talk - adaptation

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