Das geht zu Herzen

Zusammenfassung

Polymorphismen in Genen des Lipidstoffwechsels spielen in der Pathogenese von koronaren Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen (KHK) eine wichtige Rolle. Eine besondere Funktion hat dabei das Apolipoprotein E. ApoE ist polymorph. Man unterscheidet 3 Allele, die für die Isoformen ApoE2, ApoE3 und ApoE4 codieren. ApoE4-Träger haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für KHK und neurodegenerative Krankheiten. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass beim ApoE4-Genotyp sowohl die Lipidperoxidation als auch die Produktion reaktiver Sauerstoffspezies gesteigert ist. Darüber hinaus ist dieser Risikogenotyp mit erhöhter Inflammation assoziiert, die vermutlich auf einer gesteigerten Transaktivierung des redoxsensitiven Transkriptionsfaktors NF-κB basiert. Studien zeigen, dass Flavonoide chronisch entzündliche Prozesse sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo antagonisieren. Gleichermaßen sind Flavonoide Induktoren hepatischer Paraoxonase, ein Enzym, das die LDL-Oxidation verhindert. Der ApoE3-Genotyp ist, verglichen mit dem ApoE4-Genotyp, stärker responsiv im Hinblick auf die gesundheitsfördernden Effekte von Flavonoiden, die in relativ hoher Konzentration in der mediterranen Ernährung vorkommen. Diese Effekte betreffen die Entzündungshemmung, die Hemmung der LDL-Oxidation und die Senkung des Blutdrucks.

Abstract

Polymorphisms in the genes encoding for proteins of the lipid metabolism may have an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Apolipoprotein E has a particular function in this setting. ApoE is polymorphous, and distinction is made between 3 alleles that encode for the isoforms ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4. Carriers of ApoE4 have an increased risk for CHD and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have shown that for the ApoE4 genotype, lipid peroxidation and the production of reactive oxygen species are increased. Further, this risk genotype is associated with increased inflammation, which is thought to be based on increased transactivation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kB. Studies have shown that flavonoids counteract inflammatory processes in vitro as well as in vivo. Similarly, flavonoids are inductors of hepatic paraoxonase, an enzyme that prevents LDL oxidation. The ApoE3 genotype is more responsive than the ApoE4 genotype in terms of the health promoting effects of flavonoids, which are present in the mediterranean diet in high concentrations. This concerns anti-inflammatory effects, inhibition of LDL oxidation, and blood pressure lowering effects.

Schlüsselwörter

Apolipoprotein E - ApoE4-Risikogenotyp - Paraoxonase - inflammatorische Zytokine - sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe

Keywords

apolipoprotein E - ApoE4 risk genotype - paraoxonase - inflammatory cytokines - phytochemicals

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