Bilateral Focal Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in a Child Presenting as Complex Cystic Renal Mass: A Report on Non-surgical Treatment

Introduction

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a distinct, severe, atypical and chronic renal parenchymal infection. It is encountered predominantly in middle-aged women and is relatively rare in childhood [1]. XGPN occurs predominantly unilaterally, and bilateral disease is extremely rare [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. It may present either as diffuse or, less commonly, as a focal infection. This uncommon condition is characterized by invasion to surrounding structures. Its resemblance to tumoral features presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Nephrectomy is usually indicated for unilateral XGPN, and the prognosis is excellent if treated early [1]. However, the management of XGPN is difficult due to the risk of permanent renal dysfunction. We report a rare case of bilateral focal XGPN in a child presenting with a complex renal mass managed non-surgically.

References

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