Sport- und bewegungsorientierte Patientenschulungen für Personen mit Multipler Sklerose

Zusammenfassung

Multiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Autoimmunerkrankung des Zentralnervensystems. Neben der medikamentösen Behandlung nehmen sport- und bewegungstherapeutische Ansätze einen immer größeren Stellenwert in der MS-Therapie ein. Zahlreiche Studien zeigen einen positiven Einfluss regelmäßiger sportlicher Aktivität auf körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit, Symptomatik und Lebensqualität bei Personen mit MS (PmMS). Da Sport und Bewegung größtenteils selbstgesteuerte Maßnahmen darstellen, sollten Betroffene nicht nur informiert werden, sondern gezielte Schulungen für die Gestaltung sportlichen Trainings im Alltag erhalten. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden bisher durchgeführte Patientenschulungen für PmMS systematisch recherchiert und inhaltlich dahingehend geprüft, inwieweit Betroffene bezüglich Sport und Bewegung ausgebildet werden. Aus 1 022 Treffern wurden 28 Studien in den Review inkludiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in nur wenigen Patientenschulungen Sport und Bewegung bei MS thematisiert und/oder Empfehlungen für den Alltag gegeben werden. In 6 Studien werden sportorientierte Patientenschulungen mit dem Ziel evaluiert, Betroffene vermehrt an Sport und körperliche Aktivität zu binden. Weitere 6 MS-spezifische Patientenschulungen beinhalten mindestens eine Schulungseinheit zu Sport und/oder körperlicher Aktivität. 16 Patientenschulungen zielen weder auf das Sport- oder Bewegungsverhalten ab, noch weisen sie aufklärende Informationen auf. Bisher werden Betroffene innerhalb von Patientenschulungsprogrammen schwerpunktmäßig in Krankheits- und Fatigue Management geschult. Basierend auf der aktuellen Datenlage sollten Sport und Bewegung zukünftig in Schulungsangebote für PmMS integriert, bereits bestehende sportorientierte Schulungen weiterentwickelt sowie das Schulungsangebot für Betroffene erweitert werden. Neben den Patienten sollten MS-Spezialisten Kenntnisse über das Schulungs- und Beratungsangebot für PmMS besitzen, da sie als Erstkontakt entsprechende Empfehlungen frühzeitig an den Patienten weitergeben können.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Besides pharmaceutical treatment, exercise therapy approaches are gaining increasing importance. Numerous studies demonstrate positive effects of regular physical exercise in MS-patients’ physical performance, MS-related symptoms, and quality of life. However, physical exercise requires self-directed strategies. Therefore, it is insufficient to merely inform people with MS (PwMS), but they should receive specific instructions in order to perform physical exercise in everyday life, autonomously. In this review, patient education programs for PwMS were systematically investigated and analyzed focusing on how patients have been educated with regard to physical exercise. A systematic literature research was conducted. Out of 1 022 hits, 28 studies were included in the review. Results demonstrate that only few patient education programs include physical exercise for PwMS and give recommendations for MS-patients’ everyday life. Exercise-based patient education programs have been evaluated in 6 studies aiming at long-term physical exercise in PwMS. In 6 MS-specific programs at least one session has been included concerning physical exercise. 16 programs aimed neither at MS-specific exercise behaviour nor gave information about physical exercise. In MS-specific patient education programs, PwMS are primarily educated with regard to disease and fatigue management. Based on current research data, physical exercise should be integrated in MS-therapy and existing patient education programs have to be extended with training opportunities. In addition, MS-specialists should be informed about relevant education offers for PwMS, because they have initial contact with MS-patients and will be able to recommend appropriate programs at an early stage.

Schlüsselwörter

Multiple Sklerose - Sport - Patientenschulung - Review

Keywords

multiple sclerosis - physical exercise - patient education - review

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