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Eur J Pediatr Surg 2019; 29(02): 215-222
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646960
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Prospective Study on Several Urinary Biomarkers as Indicators of Renal Damage in Children with CAKUT

Fabio Bartoli
1   Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
,
Valentina Pastore
1   Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
,
Isabella Calè
2   Pediatric Nephrology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
,
Gabriella Aceto
2   Pediatric Nephrology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
,
Vittoria Campanella
1   Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
,
Carla Lasalandra
1   Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
,
Simona Magaldi
1   Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
,
Francesco Niglio
1   Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
,
Angela Basile
1   Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
,
Raffaella Cocomazzi
1   Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

04 September 2017

22 March 2018

Publication Date:
04 May 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate urinary levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), β-2-microglobulin (β2M), and FAS-ligand (FAS-L) in children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) disease at risk of developing glomerular hyperfiltration syndrome. For this reason, we selected patients with multicystic kidney, renal agenesia and renal hypodysplasia, or underwent single nephrectomy.

Materials and Methods This prospective, multicentric study was conducted in collaboration between the Pediatric Surgery Unit in Foggia and the Pediatric Nephrology Unit in Bari, Italy. We enrolled 80 children with CAKUT (40 hypodysplasia, 22 agenetic; 10 multicystic; 8 nephrectomy) who underwent extensive urological and nephrological workup. Exclusion criteria were recent urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis, age > 14 years, presence of systemic disease, or hypertension. A single urine sample was collected in a noninvasive way and processed for measuring by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay urine levels of MCP-1, EGF, β2M, and FAS-L. As control, urine samples were taken from 30 healthy children.

Furthermore, we evaluated the urinary ratios uEGF/uMCP-1 (indicator of regenerative vs inflammatory response) and uEGF/uβ2M (indicator of regenerative response vs. tubular damage).

Results These results suggest that urinary levels of MCP-1 are overexpressed in CAKUT patients. Furthermore, our findings clearly demonstrated that both uEGF/uMCP-1 and uEGF/uβ2M ratios were significantly downregulated in all patient groups when compared with the control group.

Conclusion These findings further support that CAKUT patients may, eventually, experience progressive renal damage and poor regenerative response. The increased urinary levels of MCP-1 in all groups of CAKUT patients suggested that the main factor responsible for the above effects is chronic renal inflammation mediated by local monocytes.

Keywords

CAKUT - urinary biomarkers - children - MCP-1 - EGF