Real-World Studies of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among Moderate/Late Preterm Infants Exposed to Passive Immunoprophylaxis with Palivizumab

Paolo Manzoni; Eugenio Baraldi; Manuel Sánchez Luna; Chryssoula Tzialla

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1757279

American Journal of Perinatology, Table of Contents

Am J Perinatol 2022; 39(S 01): S7-S13
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757279

Review Article

Real-World Studies of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among Moderate/Late Preterm Infants Exposed to Passive Immunoprophylaxis with Palivizumab

Paolo Manzoni

¹Department of Maternal Infant Medicine, Degli Infermi Hospital, Biella, Italy

²University of Torino, Turin, Italy

,

Eugenio Baraldi

³Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

,

Manuel Sánchez Luna

⁴Neonatology Division and NICU, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

,

Chryssoula Tzialla

⁵Neonatal and Pediatric Unit, Polo Ospedaliero Oltrepò, ASST Pavia, Italy

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

This article aims to assess the real-world effectiveness of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalization (RSVH) rates in otherwise healthy moderate/late preterm infants and discuss the role of palivizumab in preventing acute and long-term outcomes. We identified studies in the PubMed and Embase databases that reported patient-level data on (1) exposure to palivizumab in preterm infants born between 29 and 35 weeks of gestational age (or subsets within this range) ≤ 2 years of chronological age, and (2) the outcome of RSVH. Six studies assessed RSVH in infants this gestational age who had been exposed or not to palivizumab and reported patient-level data. Exposure was associated with a reduction in RSVH rates that was comparable to the reduction seen in controlled clinical trials (weighed mean 4.0-fold reduction). RSV immunoprophylaxis in preterm infants within 29 to 35 weeks of gestational age is associated with a considerably lower burden of RSVH.

Key Points

RSV is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization in infants.
Palivizumab prevents RSVH in a real-world scenario.
Immunoprophylaxis should be used in high-risk infants.

Keywords

respiratory syncytial virus - palivizumab - immunoprophylaxis - preterm infant - hospitalization

Full Text

References

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