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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234(11): 1334-1343
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-117741
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Neuroanatomie des okulomotorischen Systems

Neuroanatomy of the Oculomotor System
Stephan Heermann
Molekulare Embryologie, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
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Publication History

eingereicht 19 April 2017

akzeptiert 04 July 2017

Publication Date:
12 September 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Neuroanatomische Kenntnisse erlauben dem erfahrenen Untersucher von Patienten mit Erkrankungen des Nervensystems bereits nach einer klinischen Untersuchung eine gute Topodiagnostik. Dies trifft auch auf die Elemente des Nervensystems zu, die an der Steuerung der Augen beteiligt sind. In diesem Beitrag sind neuroanatomische Grundlagen zusammengetragen, welche die Okulomotorik betreffen. Der Beitrag soll dazu dienen, den Aufbau und die Funktion dieses Systems zu verstehen und pathologische Veränderungen bestimmten Läsionsorten zuordnen zu können. Nach einer kurzen Einführung werden zunächst die einzelnen Elemente, wie die extraokulären Muskeln und die sie versorgenden Nerven, vorgestellt. Der folgende Teil dieses Beitrags beschäftigt sich schließlich mit der Kontrolle der Augenbewegung, mit unterschiedlichen Bereichen des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS), die hierbei beteiligt sind, und mit spezifischen Bewegungsmustern. Darüber hinaus soll dieser Beitrag aber auch einen kurzen Überblick über die Steuerung der inneren Augenmuskeln liefern.

Abstract

After just a clinical examination, the experienced neurologist can assign specific symptoms quite precisely to distinct lesions within the brain and other parts of the nervous system, on the basis of his neuroanatomical knowledge. This also holds true for lesions affecting the oculomotor system. The aim of this article is to give a comprehensive overview of the neuroanatomical basis of the oculomotor system, in order to facilitate the precise spatial assignment of potential lesions affecting the control of eye movements. After a brief introduction, the components of the system are discussed, including the extraocular muscles and their innervating nerves. The following section will then cover the control of eye movements and will specifically address distinct patterns of eye movements and areas within the central nervous system controlling these. This article also gives a brief overview of the intraocular muscles and their control.

Schlüsselwörter

Version - Vergenz - Sakkade - Folgebewegung - VOR - OKR

Key words

version - vergence - saccade - smooth pursuit - VOR - OKR
 

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