Abstract
Introduction Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency in children. Recent guidelines
suggest initiating treatment after 5 minutes of seizure activity.
Objective This study analyzes the clinical, laboratory parameters, and treatment outcomes of
children with SE to identify preventable risk factors.
Materials and Methods Prospective observational study of 150 children. They were evaluated for relevant
history, clinical features, laboratory investigations, treatment, course, and outcome.
Results The risk factors that had an impact on outcome in children with SE were identified
as red flag signs on initial pediatric advanced life support (PALS) assessment, malnutrition,
abnormal head circumference and number of seizures before child presented to hospital.
The strongest predictor of outcome was stable status of children on initial PALS assessment
(odds ratio = 20.174 [1.117, 364.393], p = 0.042). Presence of abnormal head size was 86% less likely to have favorable outcome
and if the child had lesser number of seizures before child presented to hospital
(single), it was 3.7 times likely that it would yield a favorable outcome.
Conclusion Aggressive treatment of seizures, identification of red flag signs on initial PALS
assessment, identification and treatment of malnutrition, anemia, hypocalcemia, and
sodium derangements, strengthening vaccination to prevent central nervous system infections,
and early intervention for developmental delay, can all help to combat morbidity and
mortality in children with SE.
Keywords
status epilepticus - children - risk factors
