DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
      
      
        
          
            Issue 10 ·
           Volume 42 ·
           July 2025
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-015-61948 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1235
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Sarker, Minhazur R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Canfield, Dana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ferrara, Lauren; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ramos, Gladys A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              DeBolt, Chelsea A.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1243
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Ding, Jia Jennifer; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Paoletti, Olivia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Culhane, Jennifer; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lundsberg, Lisbet; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Partridge, Caitlin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cross, Sarah N.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1249
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Peled, Tzuria; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Federmesser, Daniella; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mazaki, Eyal; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sela, Hen Y.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Grisaru-Granovsky, Sorina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rottenstreich, Misgav: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1257
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Matas, Jennifer L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mitchell, Laura E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Salemi, Jason L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bauer, Cici X.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ganduglia Cazaban, Cecilia: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1272
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Suflas, Rebecca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cox, Rebecca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Viscardi, Rose M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Leung, Jocelyn C.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1281
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Peterson, Jessica A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Band, Isabelle C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wang, Kelly; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bianco, Angela: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1288
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Friedrich, Lior; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mor, Nitzan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Weissmann-Brenner, Alina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kassif, Eran; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Friedrich, Shakad Noah; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Weissbach, Tal; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Castel, Elias; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Levin, Gabriel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Meyer, Raanan: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1295
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Eiler, Isabella; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Boyd, Lakeisha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Klitzman, Melissa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Majmudar-Sheth, Bittu; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stefanescu, Beatrice M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1304
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mimouni, Francis; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Khoury, Jane C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ehrlich, Shelley; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sheffer-Mimouni, Galit; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rosenn, Barak; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miodovnik, Menachem: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1311
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Tarashandegan, Danit; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Naeh, Amir; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hallak, Mordechai; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Toledano, Yoel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gabbay-Benziv, Rinat; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Maor-Sagie, Esther: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1318
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Kemmotsu, Takahiro; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shimokaze, Tomoyuki; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Morita, Yusuke; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saito, Tomoko; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Toyoshima, Katsuaki: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1325
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Kuhrau, Christina R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kelly, Elizabeth; 
              
            
          
            
              
              DeFranco, Emily A.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1333
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Wang, Bingbing; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Seif, Karl; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lei, Jun; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mangione, Mary; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Turan, Sifa; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Reece, E. Albert; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Burd, Irina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yang, Peixin: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1344
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Fishel Bartal, Michal; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nazeer, Sarah A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ashby Cornthwaite, Joycelyn; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bitar, Ghamar; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Blackwell, Sean C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pedroza, Claudia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chauhan, Suneet P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saad, Antonio; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saade, George; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sibai, Baha M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1354
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Kawakita, Tetsuya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Martins, Juliana G.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Diab, Yara H.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nehme, Lea; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saade, George: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Short Communication
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1362
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Shrestha, Kevin S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Battarbee, Ashley N.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1366
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Woolcock Martinez, Helen; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Haghighi, Noora; 
              
            
          
            
              
              van Wingerden, Anne-Sophie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kirschner, Michael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Booker, Whitney A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bello, Natalie A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Petersen, Nils; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Miller, Eliza C.: