Ethyl 3-Ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate Hydrochloride: A Versatile Precursor for Generating Next-Generation Energetic Materials

Abstract

The construction of nitrogen-rich heterocycles is a cornerstone in developing high-energy-density materials (HEDMs). Ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate hydrochloride (EEIP·HCl) has proven to be a particularly powerful precursor, offering a reliable and versatile route to make several nitrogen-rich frameworks. Its ability to streamline ring formation has enabled the synthesis of high-performing energetic compounds with desirable densities, stabilities, and detonation properties. This article reviews EEIP-mediated cyclizations in energetic materials, underscoring its exceptional synthetic utility, broad structural scope, and growing role in advancing next-generation, environmentally sustainable explosives.

Keywords

Ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate - Polynitro compounds - Triazoles - Oxadiazole - Energetic materials

Data availability statement

No primary research results, software, or code have been included, and no new data were generated or analysed as part of this article.

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 05. Oktober 2025

Angenommen nach Revision: 31. Oktober 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
31. Oktober 2025

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
27. November 2025

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