Combinatorial Methods for the Discovery and Optimisation of Homogeneous Catalysts

Stefan Dahmen; Stefan Bräse

doi:10.1055/s-2001-16080

REVIEW

Combinatorial Methods for the Discovery and Optimisation of Homogeneous Catalysts

Stefan Dahmen^a, Stefan Bräse*^a,b
^a Institut für Organische Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Professor-Pirlet-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
^b Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Fax: +49(228)739608; e-Mail: Braese@uni-bonn.de;

Abstract

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Abstract

The use of combinatorial methods to discover new catalysts is one of the youngest fields of combinatorial chemistry. The main focus of this review is the application of combinatorial liquid- and solid-phase methods for the discovery and optimisation of homogeneous catalysts. In addition, high-throughput screening techniques for fast detection of activity and selectivity in catalytic reactions are discussed. The literature from 1995 to December 2000 is covered.

1 Introduction
2 Methods in Combinatorial Catalysis
3 Combinatorial Liquid-Phase Methods
3.1 Reaction Examples
3.1.1 Carbene Insertion
3.1.2 Reductive Aldol Reaction
3.1.3 Michael Addition
3.1.4 Diethyl Zinc Addition to Aldehydes
3.1.5 Aza-Diels-Alder Reaction
3.2 Modular Ligand Systems for Homogeneous Metal Catalysis
4 Combinatorial Solid-Phase Methods
4.1 Screening for Metal Binders
4.2 Catalysts in C-C Bond Formation
4.2.1 Diethyl Zinc Addition to Aldehydes
4.2.2 Addition of Trimethylsilylcyanide to meso-Epoxides
4.2.3 Asymmetric Strecker Reaction
4.2.4 Allylic Substitution Reactions
4.3 Catalytic Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
4.3.1 Alkene Epoxidation
4.3.2 Catalytic Hydrogenation
4.4 Catalytic Phosphate Hydrolysis
5 High-Throughput Screening in Catalysis
5.1 IR-Thermography
5.2 Isotope Labelling/Pseudo Enantiomers
5.3 Fluorescence Assays
5.4 Reactive Dyes
5.5 One-pot Multi Substrate Screening
5.6 Screening of Mixtures of Catalysts
5.7 Miscellaneous Chromatographic Methods
6 Conclusion

Key words

combinatorial catalysis - catalysis - combinatorial chemistry - asymmetric catalysis - high-throughput screening

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