Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Activities of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Essential Oils, Pure Compounds, and Their Combinations against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4

Assia Hamdi; Aymen Halouani; Ines Aouf; Johan Viaene; Belsem Marzouk; Jamil Kraiem; Hela Jaïdane; Yvan Vander Heyden

doi:10.1055/a-1538-5289

Planta Medica, Table of Contents

Planta Med 2021; 87(10/11): 827-835
DOI: 10.1055/a-1538-5289

Biological and Pharmacological Activity

Original Papers

Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Activities of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Essential Oils, Pure Compounds, and Their Combinations against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4^{[
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Assia Hamdi

¹Laboratory of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia

²Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium

,

Aymen Halouani

³Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia

,

Ines Aouf

³Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia

,

Johan Viaene

²Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium

,

Belsem Marzouk

¹Laboratory of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia

,

Jamil Kraiem

¹Laboratory of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia

,

Hela Jaïdane

³Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia

,

Yvan Vander Heyden

²Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Haplophyllum tuberculatum is a plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat several diseases including vomiting, nausea, infections, rheumatism, and gastric pains. In the current study, H. tuberculatum essential oils, hydrosols, the pure compounds R-(+)-limonene, S-(−)-limonene, and 1-octanol, as well as their combinations R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol and S-(−)-limonene/1-octanol, were screened for their cytotoxicity on HEp-2 cells after 24, 48, and 72 h, and then tested for their activity against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4 (CV-B3 and CV-B4) at 3 different moments: addition of the plant compounds before, after, or together with virus inoculation. Results showed that the samples were more cytotoxic after 72 h than after 24 h or 48 h cell contact. However, the combinations R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol and S-(−)-limonene/1-octanol showed less effect on HEp-2 cells than pure R-(+)-limonene and S-(−)-limonene after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. 1-octanol exhibited the highest concentration causing 50% cytotoxicity (CC₅₀) on HEp-2 cells after 24 h (CC₅₀ = 93 µg/mL) and 48 h (CC₅₀ = 83 µg/mL). The antiviral assays showed that the tested samples exhibited potent inhibition of CV-B. IC₅₀ values ranged from 0.66 µg/mL to 28.4 µg/mL. In addition, CV-B3 was more sensitive than CV-B4. Both CV-B strains are more inhibited when cells were pretreated with the plant compounds. The hydrosols have no effect, neither on HEp-2 cells nor on the virus. 1-octanol, S-(−), and R-(+)-limonene/1-octanol had important selectivity indexes over time. Although essential oils had potent antiviral activity, they can be considered for application in the pretreatment of cells. However, 1-octanol and the combinations are within the safety limits, and thus, they can be used as an active natural antiviral agent for CV-B3 and CV-B4 inhibition.

Key words

Haplophyllum tuberculatum - Rutaceae - essential oils - pure compounds - Coxsackievirus B - cytotoxicity - selectivity index

Full Text

References

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Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Activities of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Essential Oils, Pure Compounds, and Their Combinations against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4[ # ]

Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Activities of Haplophyllum tuberculatum Essential Oils, Pure Compounds, and Their Combinations against Coxsackievirus B3 and B4^{[
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