Evaluation of Chikusetsusaponin IV a Isolated from Alternanthera philoxeroides for Its Potency Against Viral Replication

Abstract

Chikusetsusaponin IV a and calenduloside E were isolated from the whole plant of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb (Amaranthaceae) and evaluated for their antiviral activities. Chikusetsusaponin IV a showed antiviral activities against HSV-1, HSV-2, human cytomegalovirus, measles virus, and mumps virus with selectivity indices (CC₅₀/IC₅₀) of 29, 30, 73, 25, and 25, respectively. On the other hand, calenduloside E showed no antiviral effects against any of the viruses tested. The mode of HSV-2 action of chikusetsusaponin IV a was determined under different experimental conditions. The anti-HSV-2 target of the compound might be mainly related to direct inactivation of virus particles and to the inhibition of release of progeny viruses from infected cells, but it is not related to inhibition of viral attachment, cell penetration, and viral protein synthesis. This compound also provided in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of genital herpes caused by HSV-2. These results demonstrate that chikusetsusaponin IVa might be a candidate of antiherpetic agents.

Key words

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Amarantheaceae) - chikusetsusaponin IV a - antiviral activity - herpes simplex virus type 2 - genital herpes

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