Synlett 2018; 29(19): 2562-2566
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610280
cluster
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Synthesis and Characterization of a Fluorescent Dianthraceno­indacene

a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA   Email: haley@uoregon.edu
,
a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA   Email: haley@uoregon.edu
,
a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA   Email: haley@uoregon.edu
,
b   Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222-0100, USA
,
Evan R. Hanks
a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA   Email: haley@uoregon.edu
,
a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA   Email: haley@uoregon.edu
,
Lev N. Zakharov
c   CAMCOR, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1433, USA
,
b   Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222-0100, USA
,
a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA   Email: haley@uoregon.edu
› Author Affiliations
We thank the National Science Foundation (CHE-1565780 to M.M.H., CHE-1608628 to M.A.P.) for support of this research.
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 12 July 2018

Accepted after revision: 22 August 2018

Publication Date:
14 September 2018 (online)


Published as part of the Cluster Synthesis of Materials

Abstract

A freely soluble dianthracenoindacene derivative has been synthesized using an ‘inside-out’ Friedel–Crafts alkylation method and is the first fluorescent diacenoindacene reported. Linear fusion of the anthracenes is confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies on the neutral molecule as well as its dianion. Based on predictions from our previous studies, this is also the least antiaromatic diacenoindacene derivative yet to be prepared, which is reflected in its highly negative and irreversible reduction. With its paratropicity essentially eliminated, we posit that the molecule is no longer deactivated by a conical intersection, typical of antiaromatic molecules, and therefore fluorescence is restored. This follows the trend shown in the related dianthracenopentalenes, with the reappearance of fluorescence when the outer acene groups are extended to linearly-fused anthracene moieties.

Supporting Information

 
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  • 38 Synthesis of Compound 1 Toluene (50 mL) was added to a degassed flask containing DDQ (60 mg, 0.26 mmol) and 4 (236 mg, 0.167 mmol). The reaction was heated at 80 °C for 2.5 h monitoring by TLC for disappearance of the fluorescent starting material spot. Once 4 was consumed, the cooled reaction mixture was passed through a SiO2 plug using 3:2 hexanes/CH2Cl2 as eluent and then the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting crude solid was triturated with warm (ca. 70 °C) EtOH and filtered, which upon cooling resulted in a dark purple crystalline solid (191 mg, 80%). 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.85 (s, 2 H), 8.48 (ddt, J = 9.8, 7.2, 3.1 Hz, 4 H), 8.04 (s, 2 H), 7.53 (dt, J = 6.6, 3.3 Hz, 4 H), 7.19 (s, 2 H), 7.04 (s, 4 H), 1.27–1.17 (br s, 42 H), 1.11–1.06 (br s, 42 H). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 143.30, 142.86, 140.15, 140.12, 137.38, 137.04, 136.28, 133.87, 132.69, 132.59, 132.09, 129.56, 128.49, 127.37, 127.33, 127.12, 126.90, 119.84, 119.35, 119.24, 119.04, 115.56, 105.01, 104.72, 103.67, 103.63, 21.37, 20.45, 18.92, 18.81, 11.75, 11.52. UV-vis (cyclohexane): λmax (ε) 651 (37900), 615 (93300), 570 (67550), 447 (102350), 426 (109000) nm. Fluorescence (cyclohexane): λmax (Φ) 664 nm (0.01). HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C98H120Si4 [M + H]+: 1409.8545; found: 1409.8503.