Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of hydrosols from six Veronica species

The aim of this study was to identify the volatile compounds in hydrosols of different Veronica species (Veronica cymbalaria, V. anagalloides-aquatica, V. agrestis, V. jacquinii, V. officinalis, and V. beccabunga) and to examine their cytotoxic and apoptotic activities on the bladder cancer cell line T24. Hydrosols were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using the Milestone ETHOS X apparatus for 30 min at 800 W (98°C). The volatile compounds present in hydrosols were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by measuring cell metabolism using the MTT assay. Hydrosols were tested at different dilutions (50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10%) for cytotoxic activity at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours. For apoptosis, cells were treated with hydrosols for 48 hours. The FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit with PI was used to detect cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. The major compounds in all investigated Veronica species were phenylacetaldehyde, caryophyllene oxide and hexadecanoic acid. The hydrosols of the analysed Veronica species showed inhibitory activity on the bladder cancer cell line T24. The results of the study show that Veronica species are an excellent source of volatile compounds with various biological activities and future research should focus on their hydrosols.

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
16. November 2023