Zusammenfassung
Die drei häufigsten Erkrankungen der Mundhöhle, nämlich Periodontalerkrankungen, Zahnerosionen
und Zahnkaries unterscheiden sich erheblich in ihrer Ätiologie, gerade auch hinsichtlich
der Mitbeteiligung der Ernährung. Was die Periodontalerkrankungen betrifft, so gibt
es keine wissenschaftlich fundierten Belege für eine Beteiligung der Ernährung an
diesem Krankheitsbild. Das Auftreten von Zahnerosionen und von Zahnkaries steht in
deutlicher Beziehung zur Ernährungsweise. Erosionen können durch frei in der Kost
vorliegende Säuren verursacht werden. Dagegen entsteht Karies durch Säuren, die von
Zahnbelagsbakterien durch Fermentation von Kohlenhydraten gebildet wurden. Dieser
Artikel diskutiert die Unterschiede in den Beziehungen zwischen Ernährung und Zahnkaries
zuzeiten bevor Fluorid verwendet wurde (sog. „Prä-Fluorid-Ära”) bzw. seitdem Fluorid
zur Mundhygiene und Kariesprophylaxe zum Einsatz kommt (sog. „Fluorid-Ära”). Die gewissenhafte
Verwendung von Fluorid bei der regelmäßigen Mundhygiene führte dazu, dass heutzutage
die Ernährungsweise lediglich nur noch einen Risikofaktor für Zahnkaries darstellt.
Deswegen kann man heutzutage auch solche Lebensmittel, die herkömmlicherweise als
„schlecht” für die Zahngesundheit galten, konsumieren, ohne dass die Zahngesundheit
zwangsläufig Schaden nehmen muss.
Abstract
The 3 prevalent oral health disorders, periodontal diseases, dental erosion and dental
caries differ considerably as the extent to which diet and nutrition are involved
in their aetiology. Most associations between diet and periodontal disease are anecdotic.
For both dental erosion and dental caries there is an obvious relationship with the
diet. Erosion can be caused by free acids in the diet, while dental caries is caused
by acids produced by bacteria in the dental plaque from the fermentation of carbohydrates.
This paper discusses the relationship between diet and dental caries in the pre-fluoride
and the fluoride era. Diligent use of fluoride converts the diet from the cause of
to a risk factor for dental caries and people should be able to enjoy foods traditionally
considered „bad” for dental health without any risk to their dental health.
Schlüsselwörter
Ernährung - Zahnerosion - Karies - Beratung
Key words
Diet - dental erosion - dental caries - counselling
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Dr. Cor van LoverenProfessor Preventive Dentistry
Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)
Louwesweg 1
1066 EA Amsterdam · The Netherlands
Email: c.van.loveren@acta.nl
