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Synthesis 2023; 55(21): 3417-3433
DOI: 10.1055/a-2050-4897
DOI: 10.1055/a-2050-4897
special topic
C–H Bond Functionalization of Heterocycles
C6–H Bond Functionalization of Indoles: A New Gate
We gratefully acknowledge Atatürk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Turkey (FAD-2019-7025 and FAD-2018-6642) for financial support to the Department of Chemistry. Y.T. thanks Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; TUBITAK - BIDEB 2211/C National Ph.D. Scholarship Program in the Priority Fields in Science and Technology) for a scholarship.
Abstract
Indoles are valuable precursors in medicinal, bioorganic, and material chemistry and particularly serve as a platform for diversity. However, the scope of the C6-functionalization of indoles was limited until recently. In this short review, we summarize developments in the C6-functionalization reactions of indoles involving transition-metal-catalyzed functionalization and Brønsted and Lewis acid catalyzed processes. The regioselectivity is controlled by remote-C–H activation and hydrogen bond formation.
1 Introduction
2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Functionalization
3 Acid-Catalyzed Processes
4 Conclusion
Key words
indole - C–H bond activation - directing group (DG) - transition metal (TM) - acid catalyst - hydrogen bond - electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS)Publication History
Received: 03 February 2023
Accepted after revision: 08 March 2023
Accepted Manuscript online:
08 March 2023
Article published online:
12 April 2023
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