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DOI: 10.1055/a-2256-2980
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Catalytic Chain Transfer in Crosslinking Photopolymerizations

Nicholas R. Bagnall
a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Denver, Seeley G Mudd Science Building, 2101 E Wesley Ave Denver, CO 80210, USA
,
Meredith H. Jones
a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Denver, Seeley G Mudd Science Building, 2101 E Wesley Ave Denver, CO 80210, USA
,
Brian R. Donovan
b   Dynosaur, LLC, 5120 Clay St., Denver, CO 80221, USA
,
Brady T. Worrell  ∗
a   Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Denver, Seeley G Mudd Science Building, 2101 E Wesley Ave Denver, CO 80210, USA
› Author AffiliationsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. CHE-2240141, a PROF grant from the University of Denver (DU), and startup funds from the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at DU.
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This paper is dedicated to Dr. Matthew McBride

Abstract

Presented here is a detailed account of the development and implementation of macrocyclic cobaloxime complexes as sulfur-free, catalytic chain transfer agents (CTAs) in crosslinking photopolymerizations. Although much of this review is dedicated to understanding the fundamentals of catalytic chain transfer (CCT) in photopolymerizations, its impact on network topology and resultant mechanical properties, future goals of applying this technology to multimaterial 3D printing are also discussed. It is our long-term ambition for catalytic, sulfur-free CTAs to supplant existing consumptive, sulfur-based agents to provide new, unexplored, and not currently possible to fabricate photopolymeric materials with a specific eye towards application in dentistry, additive manufacturing, and responsive materials.

1 Introduction

2 History of Catalytic Chain Transfer (CCT)

3 Understanding Catalyst Purity and Chain Transfer Activity

4 Evidencing CCT in a Crosslinking Photopolymerization

5 Comparing Cobalt(II)-Catalysts to Other Relevant CTAs

6 Performance of Cobalt(II)-Catalysts in Commercial Resins

7 Limitations of Approach and Looking Forward

Key words

polymers - catalysis - photochemistry - chain transfer - cobalt

Supporting Information

    Supporting information for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2256-2980.
  • Supporting Information


Publication History

Received: 06 December 2023

Accepted after revision: 29 January 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
29 January 2024

Article published online:
05 March 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved

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